Štenećak kod pasa predstavlja infektivno zarazno oboljenje od koga najčešće oboljevaju psi iz azila i nevakcinisani psi. Može se javiti i kod divljih kanida u prirodi: rakuni, lisice, hijene, lavovi, tigrovi, krznašice. Uzrok je Morbili virus. Virus se može detektovati u ranom uzrastu kod štenaca, u početnom stadijumu bolesti. Širi se putem sekreta iz nosa, ždrela, gornjih respratornih puteva. Može zahvatiti i druge sisteme organa. Može se lokalizovati u limfnim čvorovima, gde se najčešće razmnožava. Pripada grupi virusa koji dovode do imunodeficijentnog stanja i najčešće se komplikuje bakterijskim infekcijama.  U slučaju obolelog psa od štenećaka virus je detektovan kod psa uzrasta od 3 meseca. Pas je udomljen iz azila sa aplikovanom jednom dozom vakcine u najranijem uzrastu, dok revakcina za primarnu zdravstvenu zaštitu  nije aplikovana u predviđenom roku. Vlasnica se javila kada je bila prisutna sekrecija iz nosa i kašalj. Nakon urađene kompletne dijagnostike konstantovan je Štenećak sa mešovitom bakteriskom infekcijom. Komplikacija na plućima je dijagnostikovana kao Pneumonia po urađenom Imidžingu pluća, toraxa ali i post mortem. Epizode zdravstvenog stanja u narednom periodu po postavljenoj dijagnozi pratile su nekada poboljšanja a nekada remisiju oboljenja kod ovog mladog psa. Samo primarno prisustvo ove bolesti (virusa) u organizmu ukazuje da je njegova prognoza loša ako se imunizacije koje su bile preporučene ne urade na vreme po preporuci veterinara;  oslabljen imunitet, kontakt sa obolelim psima iz azila, neadekvatna briga neki su od razloga..Virus je i danas prisutan: neadekvatna podrška azilima i nega, nepostojanje mesta gde bi se izolovale obolele jedinke radi sprečavanja širenja zaraze neodgovorna briga vlasnika i njihovo neznanje o o opasnostima i rizicima ove bolesti u ranom uzrastu su razlozi prisutnosti i dalje ove bolesti i ako je vakcina dostupna na tržištu.
Ključne reči: štenećak, pneumonia, pas, virus, morbili

Danijela Videnović
Corespodending autor : zelenivenacvet@gmail.com
​Distemper is a highly contagious infectious disease that affects mostly dogs from shelters  and unvaccinated dogs. It can be found in wild carnivores  such as:  racoons, foxes, hyeanas, lions, tigers and some furries. The cause is Morbili virus  from Paramyxoviridae family. It can be detected in the erliy stages of the disease in very young pupies . Spreading is by a nasal and oropharyngeal  disharge  or by respiratory system. It can be found in other systemic  organs too. This virus can get localized in limph nodes where it can reproduce itself. Belongs to a group of viruses that can lead  to immunodeficiency  status complicated by secondary bacterial infection.  In this case of study, the virus of Distemper was detected in puppy of 3 monts of age. The owner receieved  a puppy from the shelter  with the first dose  off vaccine  at the age of 8 weeks. Owner had missed the second dose  of the primary vaccination  course against Distemper virus. The owner  contacted the veterinary surgery  once there was a nasal disharge  and mild cough present in puppy. After confirmed diagnoses  there were  obvious complications on thoracic imaging already. Pneumonia was present during post mortem. After the confirmed diagnoses  there were episodes in health inprovement and remissions of the Distemper virus in this ill puppy . Presence of the disease (virus) in the body of puppy usually gives poor prognosis particularly if primary vaccination was not done promptly as advised by a veterinary surgeon.  There were few factors that helped development of this disease  in the puppy such is inadequate  care of the owner, acute viral disease, lack of puppy *s body immune response, and contact  with potential diseased  dogs in the shelter...Conclusion can be drawn that Distemper virus is still present today not becouse of lack of vaccines but due to an uneducated  owner about the preventive medicine and potential serious risks that this disease can have onto young puppies. Non adequate support and care in shelters, inability to isolate and treat ill dogs with clinical signs of potential disease so to stop spreading the disease are just a few reasons  why this disease is present today still.
Key words: distemper, pneumonia, dog, virus, morbili

                                           
                                                    XXV Simpozijum epizootiologa i epidemiologa
                                  XXV SYMPOSIUM OF EPIZOOTIOLOGIST AND EPIDEMIOLOGIST
                                                               - BOOK OF APSTRACTS  -  april 2023-
                                                               ISBN-978-86-83115-48-8

autor: Danijela Videnović,  VA Zeleni venac vet, Beograd, Srbija
            zelenivenacvet@gmail.com

Pitanje koje se neretko postavlja je da li jedinke obolele od Corona virusa  mogu putovati u druge zemlje i da li postoje uslovi koje moraju ispuniti? Corona virusi specifični za vrstu  (ljubimci)  nisu predstavljali problem po ljudsko zdravlje, dok nam je virus SARS-CoV-2 (C-19) pružio vrlo malo podataka o svom ponašanju i posledicama koje može ostaviti kod ljubimca (mačku). Obrađen je slučaj mačke br mč 981980106694813 koja nije bila obuhvaćena ispitivanjem na virus SARS-CoV-2 u periodu 2020/2022 u RS a testirana je na virus SARS-CoV-2 (C-19) u saradnji sa Naučnim  institutom za veterinastvo Novi Sad. Mačka je bila na putovanju (u tranzitu) kroz RS u poslednjem kvartalu 2022 godine. Vlasnici su zakazali pregled u ambulanti Zeleni venac vet elektronskim putem  obzirom da su trebali da doputuju iz druge zemlje na kratko u RS  i nastave dalje put u Francusku, u zemlju EU. Na samom pregledu utvrđeno je da jedna od 2 mačke ima promene na koži u predelu vrata, stomaka, repa. Predložen je dijagnostički postupak od strane veterinara, dok je mačka praćena ambulantno 15-20 dana. Nisu bili prisutni poremećaji sa disanjem ili digestivni simptomi. Sa urađenom dijagnostikom  utvrđeno je da je mačka pozitivna na FCoV virus, dok je na virus SARS-CoV-2 bila negativna kao i na ostale ispitane viruse i patogene.. vrednosti ispitanih parametara krvi nisu bili značajno promenjeni. Po postavljenoj dijagnozi mačka je dobila adekvatnu terapiju Abamektina i Prazikvantela koja bi infekciju zoonoznog karaktera stavila pod kontrolu ili onemogućila dalju komplikaciju. Medicinski šampon u kombinaciji Mikonazola i Hlorheksidina preporučen je za naredni period do ponovnog odlaska na kontrolu kod veterinara u drugoj zemlji. Skin lipid komplex za podršku imuniteta kože. Antibiotici su preporučeni u slučaju SBI. Pregledom dokumentacije mačka je ispunila sve uslove za putovanje dok je ranije profilaktički već bila imunozovana u roku kako na virusne zarazne bolesti mačaka tako i na virus  rabiesa. Preparati korišćeni u prevenciji za endo i ekto parazite zadovoljili su uslove za dobijanje zdravstvenog uverenja od veterinara kao i Sertifikat za putovanje u zemlju EU, Francusku.

Komentar: Ispitivanja na virus SARS-CoV-2  rađena su u svrhu mogućeg lečenja jedinke, a ne kao uslov za putovanje u zemlje EU.

Zahvalnica:  Zahvaljujem se dr Tamašu Petroviću i dr Sari Savić i saradnicima Odeljenja za virusologiju kao i  Odeljenja za serološko-imunološko-biohemijska ispitivanja Naučnog instituta za veterinarstvo Novi Sad na sprovedenim laboratorijskim ispitivanjima prisustva virusa SARS-CoV-2 i antitela protiv ovog virusa kod kućnih ljubimaca u saradnji sa ambulantom Zeleni venac vet.

Rad u originalnoj verziji dostupan u časopisu Zdravlje životinja
Časopis udruženja veterinara praktičara Srbije Godina 2023 Godina izlaženja III Broj 5 ISSN 2738-1889

​Danijela Videnović *1 , Tamaš Petrović 2, Sara Savić 2 
Veterinary clinic for pets Zeleni venac vet, Belgrade, Serbia 1 ,
Scientific Veterinary  Institute „Novi Sad“, Novi Sad, Serbia  2 
Corresponding  author *: zelenivenacvet@gmail.com

  During the Covid-19 pandemic in the republic of Serbia, 41 domestic dogs and cats were tested  for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in humans or confirmation  of post infection with this virus (determination of the presence of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2). During the period of research 2020-2022 and monitoring the transmission  of the SARS-CoV-2  virus from humans to pets, there  were various  epidemiological data on the possibility of infecting humans and their pets.
  At the time  of the survey, pet owners (41)  tested positive for SARS-CoV-2  virus during pet collection  for sampling  and diagnostic  testing  for SARS-CoV-2 virus / past RT-PCR infection and ELISA method. It is important  to note that the owners  had different immune and the infectious status  during  the study period  of their pets ( the owners were vaccineted or unvaccinated, became  ill or had Covid-19 ). Some of the clients surveyed  had symptoms of Covid-19 but they  did not consult  a doctor, and their pets became infected at the time of contact in the house. For such owners , we considered that they  had contact the veterinarian further because of the care of their pet and the possible transsmisionof the infection to him. In pets of the mentonied owners , SARS-CoV-2 was diagnosied at the time of testing the pet as a currently present infection or as a post infection based on the detection of specific antibodies. In the waves of the epidemic in the Republic of Serbia, the reinfection of owners  who were previosly vaccined was confirmed, with confirmed and unconfirmed infection in pets after testing by RT-PCR and ELISA methods. 
  The pets  that became  ill during these periods  were different ages, different species  and different breeds. The owners  of these pets who fell  ill during that period were also of different ages. The research was done at the level of the city of Belgrade, and positive findings in pets were determined in periods when the number of patients was at the expected higher peak.
 This type of testing tool finds its use in moments when we have a little knowledge about the way the virus is tranmitted from humans to pets to apply preventive procedures due to the existing risk of getting sick during work. For the application  of  preventive procedures  during the collection and work with pets from houses where people are sick or there  is a suspicion based on symptoms reported by the owner to the veterinarian, the existing regulations are adequate both in our country and in the world. All these types of information are supported by an adequate survey used in outpatient settings ( Zeleni venac vet ), and certificates  for pet owners that came  from officinally approved laboratories ( Institute of public health of Serbia - Batut, City Institute of Public Health, etc .). Altrough according to the obtanied data  and knowledge, the probability of infection with SARS-CoV-2 from cats/dogs to humans is very low, there is a high possibility of occupational disease  in contact with veterinarians and animal owners in case of inadequate preventive measures.
 Keywords:  Covid -19, SARS-CoV-2, Serbia, pets, preventive measures

                         33 rd CONFERENCE OF  SERBIAN VETERINARIANS
                             SERBIAN VETERINARY ASSOCIATION
                        Book of apstracts, September 2022 , www.svd.rs
         https://svd.rs/Arhiva/Zlatibor/Zlatibor_zbornik_33_savetovanje_2022.pdf
  
              33 SAVETOVANJE VETERINARA, SRPSKO VETERINARSKO DRUŠTVO 
                  Zbornik radova i kratkih sadržaja, Septembar 2022  , www.svd.rs 
         
           https://svd.rs/Arhiva/Zlatibor/Zlatibor_zbornik_33_savetovanje_2022.pdf                      
 
​     
​     DVM Danijela Videnović  
            Zeleni venac vet                                      

​ Learn more:  https://lnkd.in/efyHFkWr
THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN AND VETERINARY MEDICINE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ZOONOSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA ,SURVEILLANCE AND RESEARCH OF CERTAIN VIRAL ZOONOSES IN SERBIA, RESULTS OF RESEARCH IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA ON THE SARS-COV-2 VIRUS IN PETS, COMBINED RESULTS....

  DVM Danijela Videnović 
​   Zeleni venac vet

 Napomena: upotreba ovog recepta se savetuje ako ljubimac nije alergičan na neki od navedenih sastojaka
Kako se pravi domaći sladoled za kuce?
Sastojci: banana + borovnice + buter od kikirija..dobro izmešati ( kao na slici)
​naći kalup za zamrzavanje istih i staviti u friz..
Rashladte svog ljubimca***​

​​http://zelenivenacvet.rs/blog-zeleni-venac-vet/may-13th-2022,  ​https://lnkd.in/efyHFkWr

    DVM Danijela Videnović 1*, Tamaš Petrović 2 , Sara Savić 2 
​
  Veterinary clinic for pets Zeleni venac vet, Belgrade, Serbia *1
   Scientific Veterinary Institute „Novi Sad“, Novi Sad, Serbia 2
     Corresponding author *: zelenivenacvet@gmail.com                         
 
 Summary The aim of our small study was to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia transmitted the virus from humans to pets - dogs and cats, how frequent the infection was, whether the presence of the virus and infection in dogs and cats can be successfully to detect in our conditions, what is the clinical picture of SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs and cats, the possible epidemic significance of this infection for humans and others. During previous waves of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020/2021), 2 pets (1 dog and 1 cat) were found positive for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by RT-PCR test (2/14; 14.29%), while 1 dog was suspected of the presence of the virus (high Ct value in the RT-PCR test). In the third and fourth waves of pandemia, another 27 pets were examined for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in 2021/2022. The presence of the virus was detected in 2 cats (2/27; 7.41%). The sampling was done in multiple occasions. In positive individuals, the virus was most often detected in throat swab samples, less frequently in the nasal swab, and none in the rectal swab. Blood samples collection, for detection of the presence of specific antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 by ELISA test, were also multiple, in order to detect the presence and monitor the duration of immunity. In the first waves of the pandemic in R. Serbia during 2020/2021, positive results on specific antibody presence were obtained in 3/14 (21.43%) of the examined animals (2 dogs and 1 cat), while in the third and fourth wave of the pandemic out of 27 examined, 2 (7.41%) antibody positive animals were found (2 cats). The earliest detection of antibodies was determined 14 days after contact with a positive person for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. All tested individuals (exclusively pets) were sampled in Belgrade in the period from October 2020 to April 2022, respecting the basic epidemiological measures during the collection of pets, sampling and return of animals to their owners who were in isolation, since they were infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus (even their whole families). In pets, the formation and duration of immunity was monitored after the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The various forms of some diseases in pets that are diagnosed during the identification of SARS-CoV-2 virus itself, or during the formation of immunity, probably cannot always be considered an accidental finding. Other diagnostic procedures used in dogs and cats in parallel with the molecular RT-PCR method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus during and after suspected infection are considered as good practice. The clinical picture in pets was often asymptomatic at the beginning, or with nonspecific symptoms. While in dogs the clinical symptoms were mostly nonspecific (clear secretion from the eye, nose, increased salivation in the throat), in cats there was occasional sneezing, clear secretions, and in some diarrhea and vomiting. Body temperature was within normal limits or below the limit values. All these results were obtained during the current COVID 19 pandemic, and it can be said that the strains of SARS-CoV-2 virus that led to the infection of pets were different and correlated with the epidemic wave that was in Serbia at that time. It is interesting to note that so far very little is known about pets that died or euthanized during or after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and even less is known about which vital organs the virus can leave changes. Veterinary public health during the COVID 19 pandemic showed its importance during the confirmation of the transmission of various strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from humans to pets in other countries as well as in Serbia. For now, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus from dog and cat to human has not been detected. This fact does not diminish the importance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in relation to other species-specific corona viruses, but it is one of the reasons why the veterinary profession takes care of the health of pets, but also of human health.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID 19, dogs, cats, pets, Serbia

XXIV Симпозијум епизоотиолога и епидемиолога / XXIV Епизоотиолошки дани
XXIV SYMPOSIUM OF EPIZOOTIOLOGIST AND EPIDEMIOLOGIST , Book of abstracts

  DVM Danijela Videnović
​         Zeleni venac vet

​Česte pojave u vidu dijareja nepoznatog porekla nisu retka pojava kod naših četvoronožnih drugara. Vrlo lako možemo pomisliti da je uzrok drugčije prirode. Kvalitetna anamneza i savesnost vlasnika u ovim trenucima je od velike pomoći veterinaru za preporuku ishrane vašeg ljubimca. Povremene dijareje nas mogu navesti na različite zaključke koji su vezi sa promenama unutar samog digestivnog sistema  i mogu biti u vezi sa oboljenjima na jetri, žučnim putevima, crevima,  virusnog porekla ili drugo... Najčešće nisu izolavanog karaktera a mogu pratiti  različe namirnice ili pojedine sastojke komercijalne hrane koje se mogu naći u prodaji.  Pojedini proteini veličine iznad 15-20 000 daltona koji nisu monomeri i te kako mogu doprineti razvoju navedenih simptoma. Da li treba  čekati  dugo na javljanje veterinaru u ovakvim slučajevima? Ne treba . Ovakve povremene promene već ukazuju da je resorpcija hranljivih materija slaba kao i njihova iskoristivost pa samim tim treba naći način koji će pomoći u jačanju apsorpcije i palatibilnosti unešenih namirmica. To može podrazumevati upotrebu različitih dijagnostičkih procedura  ali i promenu hrane ako veterinar proceni potrebu za tim i savetuje. Na našem tržištu na raspolaganju je više različitih proizvođča, linija i ukusa koje mogu olakšati Vašem ljubimcu svakodnevne aktivnosti i smanjiti neugodan osećaj povremene ili stalno prisutne dijareje ili druge simptome.  Verujem da će pojedini vlasnici pitati a šta radti sa biranom kuvanom hranom? Koristiti po Savetu ili po recepturi veterinara koji je kod Vašeg ljubimca već uradio neophodna dijagnostička ispitivanja ili je uradio neophodna praćenja  pa Vas savetuje šta treba da menjate .

​DVM Danijela Videnović
Zeleni venac vet

​    Često se u toku ležanja ili vršenja pritiska na delovima kože gde su koštane izbočine mogu primetiti delovi tela bez dlake. Najčešće laktovi, kukovi. Promene su edematozne sa inflamacijom, alopecijom, pojačanom keratinizacijom kože. Mogu se stvarati piogranulomi sa slobodnim dlačnim folikulima.
​           Ulceracije, fistule u zavisnosti od vremenskog trajanja promena.
       Uz neophodnu dijagnostiku regeneracija tkiva je neophodna, upotreba mekih ležajeva. Upotreba sistemskih lekova. Hirurško uklanjanje promena ako je neophodno.

       DVM Danijela Videnović            
          Zeleni venac vet
​  
  Informacije preuzete iz časopisa:  " Zdravlje životinja" , ISSN 2738-1889, UVPS

   
​ Primetili ste često lizanje šapa a nije retka pojava kod nekih kratkodlakih rasa. Manifestuje se kao inflamatorna promena između prstiju. Uzrok za tako nešto može biti: lokalna trauma, strano telo, gljivična i bakterijska infekcija, prisustvo parazita, psihogeni dermatitis, sterilni piogranulom, alergije, kontakt sa iritirajućom supstancom, autoimuna bolest, sistemska oboljenja...
    Kada su u pitanju blaži oblici promena na koži između prstiju na jastučićima, manifestacija može biti umereno zacrvenjeno i vlažno. Kod jače izraženih infekcija , može se zapaziti tipični vlažni dermatitis sa nevedenim izgledom prstiju i otokom između prstiju. U odmaklom stadijumu se mogu zapaziti promene karaktera furunkuli sa fistulama, promenjenim eksudatom. Može doći do potpunog gubitka dlake, bolnosti, šepanja.
  Obavezna je dijagnostika ovakvog stanja zbog planiranja terapije koja može trajati više nedelja u zavisnosti od perioda trajanja promena.

    DVM Danijela Videnović
​         Zeleni venac vet

 Članak preuzet iz časopisa:     " Zdravlje životinja"  ISSN 2738-1889,  UVPS

  
​  Da li je češanje kod ljubimca znak da naš ljubimac ima buve ili češanje može biti drugačije prirode?  

  Etiologija može biti različita kada govorimo o svrabu kod kuca i maca. Uzročnici mogu biti najrazličitiji paraziti  ( buve, šugarac, demodex.. ), bakterije , gljivice, ili neki
imunološki problem. Alergije na hranu ili sa imunološkom osnovom nisu retka pojava... Najčešća manifestacija koju vlasnici primećuju može biti češanje manjeg ili većeg inteziteta, intezivno lizanje ili grickanje šape, ogoljeni delovi tela gde je češanje
najintezivnije (mesta bez dlake često lumbosakralni predeo). Kod nesezonskog češanja nezaobilazne su uši, lice, podpazušna regija. Svakako se treba javiti veterinaru ukoliko je češanje intezivno ili bar prisutno duži vremenski period.
    Obzirom da veterinar najčešće ne može odmah proceniti šta je uzrok takvog ponašanja kod kućnog ljubimca, dijagnostičke procedure su i te kako neophodne. Koju će dijagnostičku proceduru veterinar primeniti zavisi od vrste anamneze koju će dobiti od vlasnika.
   Osnovni tretmani uključuju primenu sistemskih lekova na bazi kortikosteroida, antihistaminskih preparata, ciklosporini po potrebi ..Topikalni preparati se preporučuju,  primena nekih veterinarskih dijeta - hipoalergenske dijete... prema uzroku bolesti terapija se može dopuniti i sa preparatima koji nemaju ovu vrstu namene kao ovi navedeni... Terapijski šamponi i terapijska kupanja po potrebi.
   Pojedini preparati mogu dovesti do pojačanog češanja pa ih sa oprezom treba koristiti odnosno prema postavljenoj dijagnozi. Ne preporučuje se medicinski alkohol, jod ili benzoil peroxide (po preporuci), dok hladna voda može delovati umirujuće..
Za postavljanje krajnje dijagnoze  treba se javiti veterinaru..

  DVM Danijela Videnović
​    Zeleni venac vet